In Indian philosophy, the term for epics is “महाकाव्य” (Mahākāvya), which refers to large, traditional narrative poems that tell the story of heroic deeds and significant events, often intertwined with philosophical, religious, and moral teachings. The two most famous epics in Indian philosophy are the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, but there are other significant works as well.
Major Mahākāvyas (Epics) in Indian Philosophy:
- Ramayana
- Written by Valmiki
- It tells the story of Rama, an avatar of Vishnu, and his journey to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. The Ramayana explores themes like dharma (righteousness), loyalty, devotion, and sacrifice.
- Mahabharata
- Attributed to Vyasa
- This is the longest epic in world literature. It narrates the story of the conflict between the Pandavas and the Kauravas, culminating in the epic battle of Kurukshetra. The Bhagavad Gita, a sacred text of Hindu philosophy, is a part of the Mahabharata, where Krishna imparts spiritual wisdom to the warrior Arjuna. The Mahabharata teaches about dharma, karma, justice, and devotion.
- Kumbhakarna Raksasa Kavya
- This is a lesser-known epic, focused on the mythical figure Kumbhakarna, the brother of Ravana in the Ramayana. While it is not as popular as the Ramayana or Mahabharata, it also explores themes of power, desire, and fate.
- Geet Govind
- Written by Jayadeva
- This epic poetry focuses on the divine love between Krishna and Radha, blending devotional love with philosophy and mythology. It is considered an important text in Bhakti (devotion) philosophy.
- Harshacharita
- Written by Banabhatta
- This epic is a historical narrative that recounts the life and reign of Harsha Vardhana, the king of Kanauj. The text offers insights into political philosophy, governance, and royal duties.
- Shiva Mahapurana
- Although it is primarily a Purana, it is often included in discussions of epics as it narrates the mythological tales of Lord Shiva, his relationships with other gods, and his role in creation and destruction. It includes philosophical teachings related to Shaivism.
Epics in Indian Philosophy:
Philosophical Teachings: Many of the epics, especially the Mahabharata (through the Bhagavad Gita) and the Ramayana, embed profound philosophical discourses such as:
- Dharma (righteousness)
- Karma (action and its consequences)
- Bhakti (devotion)
- Moksha (liberation)
- Samsara (cycle of rebirth)