The term Vedanga literally means “limbs of the Vedas.”
They are six auxiliary disciplines or branches that were developed to assist in the proper understanding, recitation, and ritual practice of the Vedas. They are considered essential for the correct interpretation of the Vedic texts.
The 6 Vedangas:
- Shiksha – The science of phonetics or the study of the correct pronunciation of Vedic mantras.
- Kalpa – The knowledge of rituals and ceremonial procedures, guiding how to perform the Vedic sacrifices (Yajnas) and other religious rituals.
- Vyakaran – Grammar, specifically the rules for the proper construction of Vedic Sanskrit, ensuring the precise and accurate understanding of the mantras.
- Nirukta – The study of etymology or the origin and meaning of Vedic words, often explaining the deeper significance of terms used in the Vedic texts.
- Chandas – The science of meter or the study of the structure of Vedic hymns, dealing with the rhythmic patterns in which Vedic mantras are composed.
- Jyotisha – The study of astronomy and astrology, which was used to determine the correct timing of Vedic rituals, festivals, and other important events.